Taking no action.

31 May 400BC2 min read

Chapter 29

If any one should wish to get the kingdom for himself, and to effect this by what he does, I see that he will not succeed. The kingdom is a spirit-like thing, and cannot be got by active doing. He who would so win it destroys it; he who would hold it in his grasp loses it.

The course and nature of things is such that What was in front is now behind; What warmed anon we freezing find. Strength is of weakness oft the spoil; The store in ruins mocks our toil.

Hence the sage puts away excessive effort, extravagance, and easy indulgence.

第二十九章

将欲取①天下而为②之,吾见其不得已③。天下神器④,不可为也,不可执也⑤。为者败之,执者失之。是以圣人无为⑥,故无败,故无失。夫⑦物⑧或行或随⑨;或觑或吹⑩;或强或羸⑾;或载或隳⑿。是以圣人去甚、去奢、去泰⒀。

译文

想要治理天下,却又要用强制的办法,我看他不能够达到目的。天下的人民是神圣的,不能够违背他们的意愿和本性而加以强力统治,否则用强力统治天下,不能够违背他们的意愿和本性而加以强力统治,否则用强力纺治天下,就一定会失败;强力把持天下,就一定会失去天下。因此,圣人不妄为,所以不会失败;不把持,所以不会被抛弃。世人秉性不一,有前行有后随,有轻嘘有急吹,有的刚强,有的赢弱;有的安居,有的危殆。因此,圣人要除去那种极端、奢侈的、过度的措施法度。

注释

1、取:为、治理。

2、为:指有为,靠强力去做。

3、不得己:达不到、得不到。

4、天下神器:天下,指天下人。神器,神圣的物。

5、执:掌握、执掌。

6、无为:顺应自然而不强制。

7、夫:一本作“故”。

8、物:指人,也指一切事物。

9、随:跟随、顺从。

10、觑:轻声和缓地吐气。吹:急吐气。

11、赢:赢弱、虚弱。

12、或载或隳:载,安稳。隳,危险。

13、泰:极、太。