Representations of the mystery.

31 May 400BC2 min read

Chapter 25

There was something undefined and complete, coming into existence before Heaven and Earth. How still it was and formless, standing alone, and undergoing no change, reaching everywhere and in no danger (of being exhausted)! It may be regarded as the Mother of all things. I do not know its name, and I give it the designation of the Dao (the Way or Course). Making an effort (further) to give it a name I call it The Great. Great, it passes on (in constant flow). Passing on, it becomes remote. Having become remote, it returns. Therefore the Dao is great; Heaven is great; Earth is great; and the (sage) king is also great. In the universe there are four that are great, and the (sage) king is one of them. Man takes his law from the Earth; the Earth takes its law from Heaven; Heaven takes its law from the Dao. The law of the Dao is its being what it is.

第二十五章

有物混成①,先天地生。寂兮寥兮②,独立而不改③,周行而不殆④,可以为天地母⑤。吾不知其名,强字之曰:道⑥,强为之名曰:大⑦。大曰逝⑧,逝曰远,远曰反⑨。故道大,天大,地大,人亦大⑩。域中⑾有四大,而人居其一焉。人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然⑿。

译文

有一个东西混然而成,在天地形成以前就已经存在。听不到它的声音也看不见它的形体,寂静而空虚,不依靠任何外力而独立长存永不停息,循环运行而永不衰竭,可以作为万物的根本。我不知道它的名字,所以勉强把它叫做“道”,再勉强给它起个名字叫做“大”。它广大无边而运行不息,运行不息而伸展遥远,伸展遥远而又返回本原。所以说道大、天大、地大、人也大。宇宙间有四大,而人居其中之一。人取法地,地取法天,天取法“道”,而道纯任自然。

注释

1、物:指“道”。混成:混然而成,指浑朴的状态。

2、寂兮寥兮:没有声音,没有形体。

3、独立而不改:形容“道”的独立性和永恒性,它不靠任何外力而具有绝对性。

4、周行:循环运行。不殆:不息之意。

5、天地母:一本作“天下母”。母,指“道”,天地万物由“道”而产生,故称“母”。

6、强字之曰道:勉强命名它叫“道”。

7、大:形容“道”是无边无际的、力量无穷的。

8、逝:指“道”的运行周流不息,永不停止的状态。

9、反:另一本作“返”。意为返回到原点,返回到原状。

10、人亦大:一本作“王亦大”,意为人乃万物之灵,与天地并立而为三才,即天大、地大、人亦大。

11、域中:即空间之中,宇宙之间。

12、道法自然:“道”纯任自然,本来如此。